The Health Care System Of The United States - 891 Words

Health care has become a large part of modern society because the methods societies use to pay for health care affect both the providers and consumers of health care resources. Health care financing is especially important as it often restrict citizen access to health care (Cauchi, 2015).In most, modern first world countries, the government is responsible for paying for health care. However, this is not the case in the United States. In the U.S., the health care system is a unique and partially market-based (Seshamani, 2008). A market-based systems, care is delivered by private organizations and individuals. In a true market-based system, every level of health care is subject to some competition. Market-based systems can be highly complicated as there are many different payers, providers, and consumers must choose which ones serve their individual needs (Seshamani, 2008). The complexity of financing in the United States’ is due to its base in a market-based system. An American citizen might employ both private and public resources to purchase health care services through a number of programs and plans. The payment options for health care services are also numerous. If a patient is capable, they may pay for some or all of the care themselves. Another more common option is for the indirect payment of a large portion of the care paid for by insurance or managed care plans (Shi Singh, 2004). These financing mechanisms are referred to as health insurance. Insurance is aShow MoreRelatedThe Health Care System Of The United States857 Words   |  4 Pages 1.) Briefly describe the US Health Care system. Identify the people, professionals and organizations that have something to say about how health care is delivered -- and paid for -- in the US. The Health Care System in the United States is provided by many organizations. The Healthcare facilities are largely owned by private sector businesses. A large part of community hospitals are non-profit and government owned, and only a small percent is for profit. The non-profit hospitals include 60 toRead MoreThe Health Care System Of The United States1218 Words   |  5 PagesCurrently, The United States sits as the thirty-sixth best nation at delivering effective healthcare, and yet the US does so at over $8,200 per capita, more than two and half times the OECD average. This creates and incredibly paradoxical circumstance where â€Å"the most powerful, most innovative, and richest country [on] the plant† delivers on average one of the worst healthcare results among developed countries (Reid 28). Several countries including Canada, England, the Netherlands, France, and GermanyRead MoreUnited States Health Care System1086 Words   |  5 PagesThe U.S health care system, in 2012, cost around 2.6 trillion dollars and is expected to rise to about 4.8 trillion dollars in 2021, if nothing is done to repair the issue. To further illustrate, America is the only wealthy and industrialized country in the world to not have universal health care. Yet, many still believe that the United States may become a communist nation if health care is provided to all. They still believe that it will perhaps send it into an economical crisis. However, theRead MoreThe United States Health Care System1190 Words   |  5 PagesHealth care in the United States has evolved throughout the years. This evolution has lead to groundbreaking findings and understand, benefiting to not only America, but other countries. However, along with all of the great achievements, there comes some consequences, social issues. The United States health care system comes with social issues that includes inequality, cost, and health insurance. Major social inequalities that have a major effect on how a person is treated are their social classRead MoreThe United States Health Care System817 Words   |  4 PagesThe United States Health Care System has undergone some drastic changes over the past few years. It is almost unrecognizable when we try to compare and contrast the growth and evolution; with physicians with no formal standard requirements such as licensing or even training to now being one of the hardest programs to enter. From private house being used as hospital settings with no type of formal reimbursement or insurance; to having hospitals now so luxurious, that they can be mistaking as fiveRead MoreThe Health Care System Of The United States Essay792 Words   |  4 PagesThe rapidly growing baby boomer patient population is reshaping caregiving in the United States. The medical community is grappling with the many changes designed to manage the increased demand, such as how providers receive payments and deli ver services. As American care providers navigate the baby boomer patient era, talent demand is increasing and shifting from hospitals to long-term facilities. The Rapid Senior Patient Population Expansion Caregiving institutions are bracing for an influx ofRead MoreThe United States Health Care System1369 Words   |  6 Pagesplans for the United States health care system. The United States health care system has been in need of adjustment for years, with prices being paid over double per capita compared to other countries. While they have some similar views on current issues, there are drastic differences in the candidates’ ideas for change. To begin, Bernie Sanders, a Democratic candidate, believes that health care in the United States is a human right regardless of a person’s income. Universal health care is a foundationRead MoreThe United States Health Care System1467 Words   |  6 PagesHealth System Development Introduction The United States health care system is one that gets considered to give proper medical attention in the region. It is a system that developed through initiatives presented by the private sectors which give an enormous amount of funds. In comparison with other countries in the world; it is the United States that spends more money on health care when calculated per person (Thomas, 2016). The literature indicates that its percentage has a larger margin close toRead MoreThe United States Health Care System1449 Words   |  6 PagesThe United States health care system is the most expensive in the world. It spends more than 16% of its gross domestic product (GDP) on health care, (the highest per person in the world), but ranks behind most countries on many measures of health outcomes, quality, and efficiency. In 2012, over 47 million people were un-insured and millions were under-insured⠁ ´. The cost of health care is rising at least twice as fast as the rate of economic growth. Maj or companies are passing more of the cost ofRead MoreThe Health Care System Of The United States857 Words   |  4 Pagesintroduction of the Affordable Care Act â€Å"Obama Care† made the Health Care System in the United States better or worse? Please provide evidence, statistics, information, argument to support your answer. In your answer, please address the following issues in the Health Care System of the United States: 1. The Quality of health care 2. The Access to health care 3. The affordability of health care Affordable Health Care Act Affordable Health care has been an ongoing issue

A Seminar Essay - Socratic Seminar - 1949 Words

Socratic Seminar Essay There has been a drastic change in the way we perceive the world and this can alter the way we see each other. We tend to jump onto a bandwagon because it seems easiest or because of one personal scenario. This is one of the main causes for prejudice and injustice. How a person reacts to being oppressed may bring out another side of them, but this side is their true self. This reaction speaks of his or her morals, ethics, and values. To these people, all the perpetrators appear the same, but it is known that while some may easily go along with it, some may choose to stand above it all. The concepts referenced to earlier will be soon elaborated on in further analysis as this essay goes on. It is human nature to assume certain ideas about certain people and it is also human nature to love and trust wholeheartedly. These two aspects of our species collide when the terms â€Å"prejudice† and â€Å"injustice† are involved. If one person had a certain r elationship with someone different than themselves in some way, they will most likely come in contact with someone who they feel the need to share this event with. This person will most likely be trusted and respected by the storyteller and listen to/believe everything they say. This is lead to rumors and soon becoming a prejudice because there might be multiple acting this certain way. Although it does very frequently, this should not lead people to jump to conclusions about a general group. This soon leads toShow MoreRelatedSocratic Seminar Questions Tkam Essay923 Words   |  4 PagesPeriod 6 Nieto Socratic Seminar Questions TKAM 1) Discuss Atticus’s parenting style. What is his relationship to his children like? How does he seek to instill conscience in them? a. Atticus is a wise man, committed to justice and equality, and his parenting style is based on fostering these virtues in his children—he even encourages Jem and Scout to call him â€Å"Atticus† so that they can interact on terms as equal as possible. Throughout the novel, Atticus works to develop Scout’s andRead MoreSociety And Solitude Essay940 Words   |  4 Pagesof themes the reader can take from it. â€Å"Society and Solitude† was published in 1830. This one was a really short read, but we analyzed it thoroughly. I liked reading this one because it created a nice Socratic Seminar. It made us students think for ourselves and create our own opinions. This essay has different ideas of how society and solitude should work. Even though these two have different themes and ideas, I determine that they have a few things in common. I believe that â€Å"Society and Solitude†Read MoreWhat I Would Do This Lesson Differently Essay837 Words   |  4 Pagesthe lesson (i.e seminar, ticket, foldable etc.) I can up the level of complexity of the selected text to challenge my students. I will also provide more trade books so students can familiarize themselves with the style of Native American legends and be more comfortable reading them, and by doing so, be able to analyze them easier. If any of my students during the seminar have minimal participation, I will personally talk to them and set goals so they can participate more in the seminar or have an alternateRead MoreTheories And Arguments : Inherit The Wind By Jerome Lawrence Robert E. Lee Essay780 Words   |  4 Pagesconservatism and liberalism Legal jargon and courtroom vocabulary The structure of a play The structure of an argumentative essay Key factual information on historical cases where religion and government overlapped Students will be able to: Debate on timeless topics such as religion, science, professionalism, morals, and values Write an argumentative essay exploring decisions made by characters in the play â€Å"Inherit the Wind.† Support or refute arguments by Einstein, St. Anselm, andRead MoreThe Importance Of Groupthink In Education1767 Words   |  8 Pagesmany historians would agree. The problem is that this stance taking opinion is so easy for students to regurgitate. When a teacher says a strong opinion they hold, students keep it in the back of their mind and say it back to the teacher in a test or essay looking for a good grade because the teacher will hear what they want to hear. This kills individual inspiration. Why should a student think of their own opinion when the teacher has already said a perfectly good one to repeat? Now students have noRead MoreDetermining Mastery For Instructional Strategies1716 Words   |  7 Pagesthrough the Socratic Seminar as well as through the video activity, during which students are given the information and the opportunity to reach their own conclusions through a guided discussion. The teacher facilitates the discussion, using the students’ own statement s to bring up other issues for debate. Higher-Level Questioning Assessment for this strategy can be implemented in a three ways: selection (multiple choice, matching, and rank order items), generation (short answer, essay or performance)Read MoreSchoology Essay Example1454 Words   |  6 Pagesthe appropriate time. Course documents, readings, and other materials will be distributed through Schoology. Please use the following access code to enroll: MS5RD-SC5WT Course Description According to the College Board ® Course Description: â€Å"AP ® Seminar is a foundational course that engages students in cross-curricular conversations that explore the complexities of academic and real-world topics and issues by analyzing divergent perspectives. Using an inquiry framework, students practice readingRead MoreLearning English, Critical Thinking and Analyzing Essay example581 Words   |  3 PagesOver the time that I have learned English, I have gained many new knowledge and understanding of the English language. I have learned about sentence structures, plot diagrams, Socratic seminar, and vocabulary, and essay writings, elements of literature, symbolism, poems, and double entry notes. But overall, my best effort is put into critical thinking and analyzing. I always try my best to answer questions such as identifying themes, foreshadowing, and symbolism. I hope that my grades are improvingRead MoreMy Favorite Class1331 Words   |  6 PagesThere were moments where I would rather do Calculus problems than read a book, because I am in love with the logical aspects of math. Every math class influenced me to be a woman of logic and reason, but I grew shyer in discussion lectures in Socratic seminars. This all changed when I got accepted into the University of Georgia. When I got accepted to the University of Georgia, I was ready to leave home and taste the freedom that college had to offer. I was enthusiastic about meeting new studentsRead MoreWhat I Would Do as an English Teacher798 Words   |  3 Pageschoice assessment that will test the students over the general idea, an essay assessment that will test the students over their understanding of the knowledge taught, and a project presentation that will show how students would teach the material. I will spend 75% of the non-exam, non-essay class time teaching the students and the other 25% of the time having the students teach each other through the use of socratic seminars, acting out a passage, or having the students discuss how a scene or character

Detailed Description of Marketing Campaign-Samples For Students

Question: Explain On Detailed Description of the Marketing Campaign? Answer: Introducation: Meals on Wheels, is an Australian based non-profit organization that delivers meals to those people who are not in a state of purchasing or preparing the meals on their own. It is a home delivery program that increases the socialization as well as communication between the communities. Mostly, their recipients are elderly people and also many of their volunteers are quite elderly. However, these volunteer people are able-bodied and also can drive wheeled vehicles. It is evident that home-delivered programs critically enhances nutrient intakes, quality of diet, quality of life and significantly reduces the insecurity of food. This program also assists in reducing the expenditures of Australian government while lowering the usage of a nursing home or hospitals by the recipients of Meals on Wheels (Black, 2013). Meals on Wheels, was the first home delivery service that was originated from the United Kingdom following World War II by the WVS. They used volunteers of adequate knowledge of cooking of basic terms and used to deliver the meals via old prams and kept the food warm by straw bales. Later, in late 1954, Doris Taylor founded the Meals on Wheels in the South Australia. The marketing objectives of Meals on Wheels for the next 12 months will be based on enhancing its marketing strategy to gain more social recognition. This operation critically incorporates providing nutritious, healthy and delicious meals for senior people who have a small amount of earning so that it will be easier for them to afford the meals as well as provide delivery on time for 5 days a week. It also has another objective to plan smaller amount cholesterol, smaller amount sodium and smaller amount fat diets endorsed by an enrolled dietician. Offer an assortment of choices in serving meals including a veggie lover, diabetic and exceptional made suppers designed for singular needs (Boone Kurtz, 2013). It has a desire to grow to reach more volunteers and benefactors willing to add to Meals on Wheels program, to end strive after 8.3 million seniors by 2020. It has a goal to execute fast request framework and simple to pick the menu for seniors where clients are capable of calling from home or request online for time proficiency. Their target market is not based on just one segment. Meals on Wheels, is the organization that provides meals both to low-salary and homebound seniors who need nutritious and healthy meals that fit their necessities. Besides, Meals on Wheels will serve seniors living alone, unable to plan nutritious meals or get meals from another source and in addition, the individuals who have some physical hindrance or handicap that utmost their capacity to drive. Another new target showcase for Meals on Wheels is minority populaces who have constrained assets or pay to accommodate families and children. In this way, Meals on Wheels promoting group will publicize through the daily paper, the Internet such as Facebook, or group wellbeing fairs to spread the words and other marketing strategies to communicate with the people individually (Czinkota Ronkainen, 2013). It consists of various market segments which incorporate essential target markets are the following Seniors- The vast senior populace is a vital piece of the Meals on Wheels focusing on base. The senior subject populaces keeps on developing with 77 million Baby Boomers reaching retirement age, and are probably going to need future sustenance benefit arrangements given by Meal on Wheels (Schultz, Patti Kitchen, 2013). Individuals with physical incapacities- Individuals with physical incapacities that can't drive or walk are somewhere dependent on Meals on Wheels volunteers for getting their meals to their entryway with decent welcome and assistance (De Mooij, 2013). Minority populace with low wage- The minority populace is developing quickly particularly in Australia, and there numerous underprivileged families who have restricted assets and pay will be their focused on the populace. Patients or kids with diabetes and other medical problems with eating regimen confinement- It is critical to keep body sound with nutritious meals; individuals these days with occupied life are effective to create diabetes, even kids' meals have excessive sugar in it. Meals on Wheels objective is to convey solid dinners to those individuals and youngsters to enhance their foodstuff with fewer carbs admission, additionally enrolled dietician and medical caretakers will monitor those individuals' while concerning appropriately with their doctors Creative Strategy Meals on Wheels first technique concentrates on pulling in senior residents to the program. It has divided its strategy into 3 most essential segments which are significantly based on the target market. The main strategy is to focus on the senior members through emotions by pulling in these seniors: Providing nutritious part of hot meals with the consent of recommended dietician for better care. Meals on Wheels will be staffed via prepared volunteers and medicinal services advisors to center on serving the seniors native' needs. Publicizing through printed media and different productions for seniors Focusing through flyers, social media and news programs. Meals on Wheels' second technique will be centered around drawing in volunteers who will give an important capacity to Meals on Wheels. Without volunteers' support, Meals on Wheels won't be able to give the best support of the senior shoppers. Giving free access to group exercises and acknowledgment grants for the volunteers. Enrolling volunteers through IMC, for example, sending flyers through community college, secondary schools or group reasonable occasions. Or, on the other hand, group pamphlet, daily papers, and in addition the expression of mouth etc. Meals on Wheels third system concentrate on effectively looking for donations privately by the Meals on Wheels campaign. Meals on Wheels will likewise propose more funds from the Australian government (Hatch Cunliffe, 2013). Without money related support from the government and donors fund in a rapid pace, it will be difficult to make the best support of the senior recipients. This organization receives more than 80% of its funding from reliable private source or donations (Liebowitz, 2013). It will critically benefit from its unique selling proposition which is to serve the poor and helpless communities to get daily necessities at an affordable cost. Media strategy Advertising- Communication through broad communications, the organization will significantly gain more marketing competitiveness. Public Relations- Enhancing the relationship between the public, the organization and media are needed to promote the marketing strategy for the next 12 months (Watson, McCarthy Rowley, 2013). Enhanced public relationships will gain huge publicity and also ensure limiting the effect of negative circumstances. Sales Promotion- Promotions intended to make a short-term increment in sales. Cases of offers advancement incorporate flash sales, cash off coupons and discount coupons. Individual Selling- This will have a positive impact for the company to increase sales through communicating with each individual personally (Peck et al. 2013). This may take the time to accomplish; however, it is beneficial. Direct marketing- Sending newsletters, post mail and using various techniques can help to reach the customers with a potential approach. This will ensure an increase in sales. Media Print media- Efficiently with the help of magazines, newspapers, leaflets and flyers the organization can effectively communicate with the target customers about their campaign and strategy (Thorson Moore, 2013). This, in turn, will directly influence the customers specifically the seniors to engage with the organization in various forms which will be benefitted for the organization. Television- With the up gradation of technology, customers have also upgraded their purchasing behavior. However, promoting the brand and taking the assistance of broadcasting will gain the organization an additional advantage which will benefit the company. Schedule- This campaign will have a continuous schedule for 12 months with rapid promotional strategies with the help of media, marketing tools, and funding. Funding will be processed for the entire period as the campaign will be accomplished only with the help of funding from both private donations as well as Australian government (Zikmund et al. 2013). Each of the marketing tools will be used one by one for better effect so that customers will be aware of the services eventually and understand simultaneously. Every update will be provided on a daily basis through social media, and another type of media like magazines, newspapers, television. Each campaign held at a particular place will be uploaded to the media so that the customers will understand the quality services provided by the company Meals on Wheels. In short, it will be a continuous process and none of the strategies will be stopped before completion of the campaign of communication marketing. Expenses National TV- Despite the fact that executing primary promoting center, by venturing into national TV advertising, they will solicit the National Association of Broadcasters, which distributes monthly 30 seconds of free TV publicizing, to delineate the predicament of hungry seniors and how the general population can offer assistance. Print Materials- Print materials dependably require a noteworthy spending plan (Garoufallou et al. 2013). They include magazines advertisements, brochures, direct mailers and whatever else that may fit into this classification. Nearby Newspapers- A critical piece of their advertising endeavors in contacting those seniors who might not have different methods for correspondence. Daily papers promotions will give us a two-fold vehicle for reliably getting our message/image before countless and volunteers. Furthermore, promotions in an initial couple of pages of the daily paper will give them methods for speaking with our donors. Meals on Wheels Events- This will incorporate neighborhood radio occasions in minimal effort, senior subject zones of a city where radio stations communicate from offering information, monetary gift abilities, and directing administrations to clients requiring such assistance (Pauwels, Erguncu Yildirim, 2013). Website Support: While trying to cast a wide net in drawing in whatever number hungry seniors and volunteers as could be expected under the circumstances, Meals on Wheels will keep up a best in class, simple to access the website. Costs related to keeping up this site; alongside social networking capabilities likewise have a significant weight on the showcasing spending plan of Meals on Wheels (Van Der Riet, 2007). Flowchart of promoting the brand and services for the organization Meals on Wheels Media budget The advertising spending plan depends on a rate of seniors and other focused on buyers' needs. Building a solid monetary association and customers' dedication is basic to the accomplishment of Meals on Wheels. Advertising is a basic segment of the Meals on Wheels altruistic arrangement. Meals on Wheels purchasers eminent to live in a senior subject home because of cost and still offers nutritious suppers to the elderly in their possess homes at a little cost or free because of the administration subsidies and government funds (Samu Wymer Jr, 2013). Their understanding for seniors' requirement for solid bouncing with minimal effort conveyed meals gives Meals on Wheels an uplifting point of view toward the future gauging spending plans over other potential competitors delivery benefits in the Australia. Hence, it will be tough to accumulate the total expense for media but it has to be done efficiently for the benefit of the organizing. Conclusion The plan for 12 months marketing campaign has been critically mentioned in this report. This strategy may have various issues, however; the learner has also recommended the following potential plan for greater success. Donations that crosses the projections- A solid increment in incomes through corporate and private donation rates over projections will provide a chance to build promoting budget over the distributed percentage. It will make the organization capable venture into standard TV publicizing spots, increment social media channels, and build up a toll-free hotline number for those seniors requiring prompt food support, or for those wishing to discover more data on the best way to offer assistance. Incomes miss projections- With vast quantities of working grown-ups attempting to look for some kind of employment and meeting their own particular family unit commitments coupled inside country's present economic circumstance, the danger of missing our projection is an unmistakable plausibility. As a non-profit, chiefly depending on commitments and volunteers, they may need to consider re-multiplying their promoting endeavors. Considerable increment in their customer base- Despite the fact that they may come to their focused on projections for income, depending on government measurements anyway, they may have thought little of the actual necessity for senior sustenance help. Appraisals of 8 million hungry seniors may have been under-announced, and the way that their showcasing endeavors are really working may bring about more hungry seniors to look for their assistance, over their income projection expected to manage the before projected number of hungry seniors. References Books- Black, S. (2013).Practice of Public Relations. Routledge. Boone, L. E., Kurtz, D. L. (2013).Contemporary marketing. Cengage learning. Czinkota, M. R., Ronkainen, I. A. (2013).International marketing. Cengage Learning. De Mooij, M. (2013).Global marketing and advertising: Understanding cultural paradoxes. Sage Publications. Grunig, J. E. (2013).Excellence in public relations and communication management. Routledge. Hatch, M. J., Cunliffe, A. L. (2013).Organization theory: modern, symbolic and postmodern perspectives. Oxford university press. Liebowitz, J. (Ed.). (2013).Big data and business analytics. CRC press. Peck, H., Christopher, M., Clark, M., Payne, A. (2013).Relationship marketing. Taylor Francis. Thorson, E., Moore, J. (2013).Integrated communication: Synergy of persuasive voices. Psychology Press. Zikmund, W. G., Babin, B. J., Carr, J. C., Griffin, M. (2013).Business research methods. Cengage Learning. Journals- Garoufallou, E., Siatri, R., Zafeiriou, G., Balampanidou, E. (2013). The use of marketing concepts in library services: a literature review.Library Review,62(4/5), 312-334. Pauwels, K., Erguncu, S., Yildirim, G. (2013). Winning hearts, minds and sales: How marketing communication enters the purchase process in emerging and mature markets.International Journal of Research in Marketing,30(1), 57-68. Samu, S., Wymer Jr, W. W. (2013).Nonprofit and business sector collaboration: social enterprises, cause-related marketing, sponsorships, and other corporate-nonprofit dealings. Routledge. Schultz, D., Patti, C. H., Kitchen, P. J. (2013).The evolution of integrated marketing communications: The customer-driven marketplace. Routledge. Van Der Riet, R. (2007).U.S. Patent No. 7,158,943. Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office. Watson, C., McCarthy, J., Rowley, J. (2013). Consumer attitudes towards mobile marketing in the smart phone era.International Journal of Information Ma

Product Team Cialis Getting Ready

Brief background Mark Berbato is the product team leader and executive director of Cialis. He has for a long time worked to provide a remedy for impotence in men competing existing leader, Viagra. The team is structured according to the function of its members. The product and marketing team works day and night to provide differential marketing strategies in order to survive the competition.Advertising We will write a custom case study sample on Product Team Cialis: Getting Ready specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Viagra has been used for a long time to treat erectile dysfunction in men. Despite this statistics, Mark’s team is optimistic about the uncertainties involved. Lilly management decided to find a better erectile dysfunction treatment by first understanding the market. The medical, regulatory, legal, manufacturing, financial and marketing managers report directly to the executive director. The drug is expected to go t hrough various tests to ensure that it is safe for consumption by human beings. The test involves three phase trials after which it can be available in clinics. Decision dilemma Decision dilemma for Leonard Blum and his is team is whether to market Cialis in the already competitive market or go for the niche strategy. If the team decides to compete with Viagra, then their marketing strategy will involve reaching out to the loyal Viagra customers, dropouts, and those who have never consumed it at all. Health practitioners are also important because they are the ones who prescribe the drug to their patients. The management will also have to consider targeting the partners of the male patients with erectile dysfunction. The niche strategy however involves choosing a specific target group. Contradicting case facts The German leading erectile dysfunction drug, Levitra, was more effective than Viagra hence posed a challenge to Cialis. Bayer’s market research showed that 76% express ed some interest in Levitra. However, in 2001, its sales dropped by 2%. The team was forced with a task of clearly choosing a market for Cialis and ways of achieving results against the competition. The side effects of ED drugs such as facial flashing also prevents users from trusting the drugs hence it is very difficult to penetrate the market. The physicians believe that they are the only people who decides what patients should take hence they influence the consumption habit of ED victims.Advertising Looking for case study on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Important details for better decision making For better understanding and decision making, the team should first understand its target group hence details regarding consumption of Viagra, the health practitioners, the partners of male victims, and the views on the media regarding those who do not take the drug and why should be analyzed. The consumer today is more demanding, more connected and less loyal to a product hence the team should find better ways of dealing with certain target groups especially if they go for the niche strategy. Things that make the chosen target group different from the rest should be studied and the details should be analyzed. In order to make the right choice between the two options, the decision makers must compare the two market strategy so as to justify their choice. Analysis Consumers tend to follow what others do; it is a life preserving habit. The target market is already used to the existing product hence changing their perspective involves a lot of work. All the two market strategies can be effective depending on the approach given by the decision markers. The niche strategy can only be used when the team decides to assume the position held by Viagra and concentrate on their product. The team can then market Cialis to a specific target group regardless of how Viagra is performing in other are as. In the health sector, people tend to avoid using harmful substances despite the campaigns conducted by the health experts and advices provided. Viagra is an example of such products that have received mixed reactions. Niche strategy Pros The reason for niche strategy is that working with a specific target group is cheaper especially for a new product in the market that is not well established. It is also a way of avoiding coalition with the existing products such as Viagra. Narrowing the market segment means that the new product will have relatively less competition. Cons The strategy however assumes the importance of other target groups because of its narrow market segment. This strategy may be successful but its slower hence can easily cause failures during the implementation. It is sometimes difficult to identify the right target group to focus on hence the team can choose the wrong users resulting into failures.Advertising We will write a custom case study sample on Pro duct Team Cialis: Getting Ready specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Compete Pros This strategy is important because it provides a faster growth. Once all the target groups are reached they can be given better services in order to maintain their loyalty. Competing strategy also creates room for learning because the challenges created by Viagra provide a learning environment to Cialis. It also takes care of the uncertainties involved in the new market hence the users are left to choose for themselves and no speculations are made. Cons A reason against this strategy is that when joining a new market, it is not easy to know whether customers will prefer new product to the old ones hence more products can go to waste. This strategy is expensive because competing existing product involves differentiation in both services and products. Going head-to-head with Viagra may require Cialis to use their marketing strategies which may not work because the consumers expect something different. Beating Pros The reason for differentiation is that it makes consumers aware of the importance of the product. It gives a consumer an opportunity to compare and contrast the unique characteristics with other similar products. For Cialis, it is important because the users will easily identify unique health importance of the product. Cons However, product differentiation may not be good for drugs because it leads to false unique qualities that are used to attract more users. It also exposes the users to risks because the drug may be uniquely identified with wrong qualities that result to complications when consumed. Finally, medical products are not measured in terms of design but impact and diagnosis therefore the strategy violates this principle. Co-branding Pros The main purpose of this strategy is that the drug can be convincingly positioned using the renowned brand. It can also be used to change the perception of users when the drug is b randed with a product they relate to. To capture the doubting users, co-branding can be used to improve the confidence of customers who feel the drug is not well known.Advertising Looking for case study on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Cons Co-branding poses challenges when the partner brand goes through recession. Each company works hard to improve its market share hence one company may ruin one’s brand except for same-company co-branding. Co-branding also denies a company a chance to develop because it relies on a particular company to market its products. Conclusion Cialis can fairly compete with Viagra to gain a large customer base by choosing the best option, considering important details concerning the target market and making the right decision required in order to survive in the market. This case study on Product Team Cialis: Getting Ready was written and submitted by user Alessandra O. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Mrs. Dalloway Essays - Literature, Bloomsbury Group, Free Essays

Mrs. Dalloway Essays - Literature, Bloomsbury Group, Free Essays Mrs. Dalloway A LIFE VIRGINIA WOOLF SHARED In her writings, Virginia Woolf wanted to capture the realness of life, as one would live it. In turn, Woolfs shared the significant elements of her life in her poetic prose novels, Mrs. Dalloway and To the Lighthouse, as a relative self-portrayal. In these books Woolf captured the life as she had lived it, performing this task in three different layers of depth. For a general sense, by allowing the characters to live in a similar society as her own, Woolf depicted her society in her writing. In a deeper sense, many of Woolfs family members, relationships, and characteristics were symbolically illustrated through the minor literary characters on a more personal level. Moreover, Woolf displayed her views, beliefs, and personal events through the conscience of the main characters. Commonly, people believe that Woolf had an ideal family. Born into an aristocratic family, her father, Sir Leslie Stephen, was an eminent editor, journalist, and a biographer; her husband, Leonard Woolf, also was an aristocrat writer, who had a membership in an intellectual circle, Bloomsbury Group, along with Virginia Woolf. Similarly, Woolf planned both Mrs. Dalloway and To the Lighthouse to be the stories of two aristocratic families. Virginia Woolf lived from the late Victorian Era until the beginning of King George VIs reign, through both the climax of Britains prosperity and political supremacy and the decline of such political power which was due to the First World War. Yet, in these transitions of Britains political status, new ideologies, such as feminism, were developing. From the late Victorian Era to the end of First World War marked a period in which the people attempted to accomplish the new beliefs and ideologies, usually resulting in effective movements. Most of these ideas were an antithesis of prewar traditions that were led by Modernist, the questioners of tradition, in literary movements. Feminism was one of the popular new ideologies, which generally began through writers, artists, and women of the aristocracy, for they were the ones who were politically aware of what was going on in Britain and on Continent. Furthermore, people, especially the middle and the upper classes, enjoyed enormous prosp erity that was brought in by imperialism and the Industrial Revolution. Prosperity drew people to capitalism and investments in foreign countries, for people loved money and were very avaricious. In her writing, Woolf addressed these Victorian political characteristics through the meeting of Richard Dalloway, Hugh Whitbread, and Lady Bruton in Mrs. Dalloway, where Lady Bruton proposes a project for emigrating young people of both sexes born of respectable parents and setting them up with a fair prospect of doing well in Canada. Lady Brutons strong independence as a leader shows the movement towards tolerance of women being in power. This scene also portrays peoples cupidity, since this project was designed to bring in a substantial amount of profit. In addition, the Victorian Era was an age of doubt, question, and skepticism towards God, mostly due to Darwinism. Friction was created between morality and newly developing ideologies and beliefs. Although a majority of people still attended church, many writers and artists, especially Modernists, tended to be more agnostic. Likewise Woolf showed the opposing sides, believers and idealists, through the repulsion of Mrs. Dalloway against Miss Kilman, as Mrs. Dalloway has noted, Had she [Miss Kilman] even tried to convert any one herself? Did she not wish everybody merely to be themselves? Let her if she wanted to; let her stop; then let herThere was something solemn in itbut love and religion would destroy that, whatever it was, the privacy of the soul. The odious Kilman would destroy it. Britain faced a phase of decline due to the First World War which brought many changes to peoples lives, although the aristocrats were not as affected by the war. Some post war effects were loneliness, mental and emotional disorders, and disintegration usually suffered by middle and lower classes. In Mrs. Dalloway, the Dalloway family is planning a party while Septimus Smith, a middle class veteran, is suffering from mental and emotional disorders. Mrs. Dalloway is suffering from loneliness. However, in To the Lighthouse, the Ramsay family, also aristocrats, are suffering from the war due

Alfred Wegeners Hypothesis About Pangaea

Alfred Wegener's Hypothesis About Pangaea In 1912 a German meteorologist named Alfred Wegener (1880-1931) hypothesized a single proto-supercontinent that divided up into the continents we now know because of continental drift and plate tectonics. This hypothesis is called Pangaea because the Greek word pan means all and Gaea or Gaia (or Ge) was the Greek name of the divine personification of the Earth. Discover the science behind how Pangaea broke apart millions of years ago. A Single Supercontinent Pangaea, therefore, means all the Earth. Around the single protocontinent or Pangaea was a single ocean called Panthalassa (all the sea). More than 2,000,000 years ago, in the late Triassic Period, Pangaea broke apart. Although Pangaea is a hypothesis, the idea that all the continents once formed a single supercontinent makes sense when you look at the shapes of the continents and how well they essentially fit together. Paleozoic and Mesozoic Era Pangaea, also known as Pangea, existed as a supercontinent during the late Paleozoic and early Mesozoic time periods.  The Paleozoic geologic era translates to ancient life and is over 250 million years old. Considered a time of evolutionary transformation, it ended with one of the biggest extinction events on Earth taking over 30 million years to recover due to it being on land. The Mesozoic era refers to the time in between the Paleozoic and Cenozoic era and extended over 150 million years ago. The Synopsis by Alfred Wegener In his book The Origin of Continents and Oceans,  Wegener foretold plate tectonics and provided an explanation for continental drift. Despite this,  the book is received as both influential and controversial even today, due to the opposition divided amongst geologists regarding his geographic theories.  His research created a forward understanding of the technical and scientific logic before the shift was confirmed. For example, Wegener mentioned  the fit of South America and Africa, ancient climate similarities, fossil evidence, comparisons of rock structures and more. An  excerpt from the book below demonstrates his geological theory: "In the whole of geophysics, there is probably hardly another law of such clarity and reliability as this- that there are two preferential levels for the world’s surface which occur in alternation side by side and are represented by the continents and the ocean floors, respectively. It is therefore very surprising that scarcely anyone has tried to explain this law."- Alfred L. Wegener, Interesting Pangaea Facts In mythology, Hercules wrestled with the giant Antaeus, who gained his strength from his mother, Gaia.Pangea lasted over 300 million years ago  and started to break apart around 175 million years ago.The contemporary theory suggests that the Earths outer shell is broken up into several plates that move over the Earths rocky shell. This is what we know of plate tectonics today.The process of Pangaea was put together slowly over time.  In fact, it took a few hundred million years before it was formed.

Exam Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 6

Exam - Essay Example Only children, especially the sons, from the well of families went to school. During this time, there existed three different categories of schools: fist was the elementary song school. This school was established in a big church in a town, and they taught boys to sing some Latin hymns and songs. The other type was the monastic schools, where the boys were undergoing training for the church. Here, the lessons were conducted by monks and they purely taught religious education. Finally is the grammar schools, that were concerned with teaching the boys Latin language. During 1100s, Europe experienced a lot of dynamic changes. People found other activities that they could engage in for their survival. Agricultural improvement created a steady food supply and traced revived, leading to increased prosperity in the towns. This led to the growth of middle class people, improving the political and economic conditions, thereby expanding the need for education. The churches demanded better educated clergy as the kings wanted there bureaucratic environments to be full of educated men and as a result the town life demanded education. After the recovery of Aristotle’s works, there were some intellectual development such as the rise of medieval universities, medieval culture, new learning ideas and scholasticism. The translation of Arabic works into Latin led to the improvement in the Scientific Method and Rationalism, Humanism and Philosophy, Mathematics, Astronomy, Medicine and Material Culture. During the reign of Edward I, he conducted some of his meetings in the parliament. He called his first parliament in the year 1275. Here, he summoned the nobles and some of the religious leaders present at that time. He gave orders for the election of some representatives of each county and other representatives from the towns, to be attending some of the summons he will be issuing in the parliament. This first parliament

Parent Education and Learning at Home Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Parent Education and Learning at Home - Essay Example The essay "Parent Education and Learning at Home" talks about the ways and the sources very helpful for parents who feel they need assistance getting down to their children, especially when helping them out in doing their homework since most parents want to help, but don’t know the right way to do it. Parents play the most important role in the education of their children, even more than the teacher, or the teacher can only teach, but a parent helps a child sink it in. For a child, only knowing that the parents are concerned is enough to boost his morale and to motivate him to work harder. According to a research, children whose parents are interested in their studies, work several times better than those whose parents are not. The best possible way for a parent to show concern in the child’s education is to take interest in and help the child do his homework since homework is an essential part of education done away from the supervision of the teacher at home. If a par ent concentrates on the child’s performance, the child is likely to do much better than he would without. A question that may arise to minds of many parents would be that why should they help when they send their children to good schools, and that if they ultimately have to do so, what the teachers are for. A simple answer to this question is that a teacher can only teach a student but a parent shapes a child’s mind. No matter how less time a child spends with his parents, it is the time he values and remembers the most. and the things they do together are integrated in his mind much more deeply. So if parents show concern and take interest in their child's education, it gives them motivation and encouragement to put in more effort n waste less time. It also makes them feel good and more attracted towards education and remember what they have studied for a longer period of time. How to help For the parents who feel confused about how and from where to start and how to get helping their children, this essay might prove to be a guide regarding how to interact and deal with them. Following are some of the numerous steps that can be followed in this regard: Set a regular time and place: Setting a regular time and place helps finish the assignments on or before the deadline and makes it a compulsion to study. If a child knows that he/she ultimately has to study during a certain time, he/she is less likely to get distracted due to thoughts of watching television, calling up a friend, playing outdoors or any other activity in this regard during the specific time. Considering setting the time, it might completely vary from family to family and child to child. Some children might do well in the afternoon after school, while some children might shine in the evening or before going to bed. The parent should decide the time according to the child's capabilities and interests. As far as the place is concerned, a fixed study area motivates to study and creates a healthy environment. A table in the room or a corner of the

OCR Psychology Assignment Essay Example for Free

OCR Psychology Assignment Essay The article Fashion companys shock tactics in the fight against size zero appeared on the Daily Mails Website on Tuesday, September 25th 2007.  1. Assumptions  The first psychological assumption is that the use of shock tactics by way of an image portraying a naked anorexic woman will jolt the fashion industry into action over the problem of anorexia. The article suggests that the use of strong fear appeal will be enough to provoke behavioural change and an awareness of the illness. A fear appeal is a technique used to persuade an audience into behaving in a particular way by arousing a fear of the consequences of not following the message given. The effect of fear appeals was studied by Janis and Feshback (1953). The second psychological assumption is that the fashion industry and the obsession with stick-thin size zero models is to blame for the increase in cases of anorexia. The article therefore suggests that people outside of the fashion industry perhaps idolise models who appear to be rewarded with fame and fortune for being stick-thin. It assumes people imitate these models behaviour in the hope of being like them. Research into vicarious learning was conducted by Bandura (1965) who consequently formed the social learning theory.  The third psychological assumption relates to the billboard designers decision to use a picture of a female anorexic and presumes that the majority, if not all, of anorexic sufferers are female. A study that explored the prevalence of anorexia among males and females was performed by Kjels et al (2003). 2. Evidence  Evidence opposing the first assumption was conducted by Janis and Feshback (1953), who studied the motivational effect of fear arousal in health promotion communication. The entire freshman class of a Connecticut high school was divided into 4 groups, 3 of which were given 15-minute lectures on tooth decay and oral hygiene, while the fourth acted as the control group. Each lecture had a different strength of fear appeal, and results showed that although strong fear resulted in greater immediate anxiety, the minimal fear group showed the largest changes in behaviour. The minimal fear group showed 36% behaviour change, whereas strong fear only showed 8%. This therefore opposes the view of the article that the image of the naked anorexic woman will cause the fashion industry to take action against the illness and, although it will have some effect, a minimal fear approach would be most successful. Evidence that supports the second assumption was provided by Albert Bandura (1965). Bandura showed three groups of children tapes of a man being aggressive towards a doll. The first group saw the man being rewarded for his actions, the second saw him being punished and the third were not shown any consequences. The children were then placed in a room with a similar doll and observed. Results of the study showed that children were significantly more likely to imitate aggressive behaviour when they had observed the model being rewarded. Bandura labelled this imitation vicarious leaning. This forms part of the social learning theory suggesting that behaviour is learnt through observation and imitation. This supports the second assumption as people observing models within the fashion industry witness them being rewarded for being thin with fame and fortune, and subsequently imitate their behaviour in order to gain the same rewards. They try to be as thin as the models by starving themselves and consequently become anorexic, as the article would suggest. The evidence that challenges the third assumption is given by Kjelsà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½s et al. They studied 1026 female and 934 male adolescents using DSM-IV and DSM-III-R criteria to establish the prevalence of eating disorders in both genders. Each participant was asked to complete a questionnaire, and results showed that while 17.9% of female participants had suffered anorexia at some point in their lifetime, 6.5% of males had also. The study concludes that although prevalence of anorexia nervosa is higher in females, males are also susceptible to the illness. The image of the female anorexic on the billboard therefore does little to raise awareness of the illness among men and perpetuates the stereotype that eating disorders are a female disease. 3. Applications  In relation to the first assumption, Janis and Feshback would argue that instead of using shock tactics a more effective way of bringing about a change within the industry would be to provide people with information on the disease, and preventative measures. Leaflets and posters containing this information could be distributed to people within the industry itself, and perhaps to the public in order to provide awareness to the majority. This may however have little effect, as there is no guarantee that the information would be listened to by an industry out to gain profit. Banduras theory and study suggests that people learn anorexic behaviour from seeing underweight models in the media. Therefore, in relation to the second assumption, the number of anorexic cases could be decreased by ensuring that no model within the fashion industry is below certain measurements; for example, by preventing the use of size zero models. If people are exposed to healthier-looking models, people may develop healthier eating habits. This however assumes that size 0 models are ill, and could be perceived as discrimination against healthy individuals. There may be resistance against this motion from the fashion industry and models themselves. In relation to the third assumption, Kjelsà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½s et als study suggests that males are also susceptible to anorexia. Therefore people need to be made aware of this to increase the perceived susceptibility, especially in males. Health promotion could include information on male anorexia, and contain pictures of male sufferers who are willing to share their stories. If awareness of anorexia in males is raised and the stereotype of it being a typically female disease scrapped, then the number of males who seek help will increase. However if males do not perceive themselves susceptible they are unlikely to choose to read the health promotion in the first place as they believe it to be a female disease.

Rappaccini’s Daughter Essay: The Ambiguity -- Rappaccinis Daughter Es

The Ambiguity in â€Å"The Rappaccini’s Daughter†Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚        Ã‚  Ã‚   The literary critics agree that there is considerable ambiguity in Nathaniel Hawthorne’s â€Å"Rappaccini’s Daughter.† This essay intends to illustrate this statement and to analyze the cause of this ambiguity.    Henry James in Hawthorne mentions how Hawthorne’s allegorical meanings should be expressed clearly:    I frankly confess that I have, as a general thing, but little enjoyment of it, and that it has never seemed to me to be, as it were, a first-rate literary form. . . . But it is apt to spoil two good things – a story and a moral, a meaning and a form; and the taste for it is responsible for a large part of the forcible-feeding writing that has been inflicted upon the world. The only cases in which it is endurable is when it is extremely spontaneous, when the analogy presents itself with eager promptitude. When it shows signs of having been groped and fumbled for, the needful illusion is of course absent, and the failure complete. Then the machinery alone is visible and the end to which it operates becomes a matter of indifference (50).    When one has to grope for, and fumble for, the meaning of a tale, then there is â€Å"failure† in the work, as Henry James says. This unfortunately is the case of â€Å"Rappaccini’s Daughter.† It is so ambiguous in so many occasions in the tale that a blur rather than a distinct image forms in the mind of the reader. The Norton Anthology: American Literature states in â€Å"Nathaniel Hawthorne†:    Above all, his theme was curiosity about the recesses of other men’s and women’s beings. About this theme he was always ambivalent [my italics], for he knew that his success as a writer depended upon his keen psychologi... ...WORKS CITED    Abrams, M. H. A Glossary of Literary Terms, 7th ed. New York: Harcourt Brace College Publishers, 1999.    Hawthorne, Nathaniel. â€Å"Rappaccini’s Daughter.† ElectronicText Center. University of Virginia Library. http://etext.lib.virginia.edu/etcbin/browse-mixed-new?id="HawRapp"&images=images/modeng&data=/texts/english/modeng/parsed&tag=public    James, Henry. Hawthorne. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1997.    Kazin, Alfred. Introduction. Selected Short Stories of Nathaniel Hawthorne. New York: Fawcett Premier, 1966.    Lang, H.J.. â€Å"How Ambiguous Is Hawthorne.† In Hawthorne – A Collection of Critical Essays, edited by A.N. Kaul. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, Inc., 1966.      Ã¢â‚¬Å"Nathaniel Hawthorne.† The Norton Anthology: American Literature, edited by Baym et al.   New York: W.W. Norton and Co., 1995.   

A True Story of Crime and Punishment Essay

A true story of how a man was tried, convicted, and sentenced to death, May God Have Mercy exposes the imperfections in the criminal justice system and how it led to the death of an innocent man. Roger Coleman’s case became the main story on nightly newscasts and prominent television shows such as Larry King Live, Nightline, Good Morning America, and the Today Show. Many crucial, yet harmful decisions were made that ultimately resulted in an innocent man’s execution at the death house in Greensville, Virginia. The police, the prosecutor, and the Judge can all be held responsible for Coleman’s death. However, the reason Roger Coleman was not acquitted of the murder of Wanda McCoy in the first place and thus in a position to be executed was because his original lawyers, Steve Arey and Terry Jordan, did not provide him with adequate representation, as required by the Constitution of the United States of America. Steve Arey and Terry Jordan were young, inexperienced lawyers who should have never even been considered for a capital case. Judge Persin, the presiding Judge in the case, however, decided on these two gentlemen because other more experienced lawyers refused to take the case because of the huge financial sacrifice it would require. Albeit public speculation that Judge Persin’s previous profession as a prosecutor had led him to heavily favor the prosecution, his decision stood. The two prosecutors who Arey and Jordan would be opposed by were Mickey McGlothlin and Tom Scott. Both prosecutors had far more experience than the defense lawyers, but that didn’t stop Judge Persin from appointing Arey and Jordan to the case. It was an obvious mismatch, intentional or not, and was just the beginning of many problems that would arise for the defendant’s case. The murder of Wanda McCoy took place in Grundy, a small town in Virginia. The year was 1981, and Brad McCoy, Wanda’s husband, arrived home from work to find his wife dead, the apparent victim of a brutal rape and murder. The police investigated the crime scene, recorded witness reports, and searched for suspects. When they identified their prime suspect, Roger Coleman, the police made the arrest. Due to the negative public opinion that had generated following the arrest, Coleman demanded that his lawyers file for a change of venue with the court. Since Grundy was such a small town, it would  be very difficult to pick an impartial jury to give Coleman a fair trial. Every person in the town had to have read or seen something on the murder. The fact that the police provided supposed â€Å"conclusive† evidence against Roger Coleman and made it public, many of Grundy’s residents wanted to see Coleman sentenced to death. Steve Arey had been preparing the case to present to Judge Persin, but at the last minute, he notified Terry Jordan that he would not be able to attend due to a prior engagement. Arey’s lack of respect for Coleman and the case in general left Terry Jordan with a crucial decision–whether to seek a continuance or to argue the motion himself. He chose to present the case himself. The defense’s decision to argue the motion was a terrible decision. Not only should Jordan have sought a continuance because he was not prepared to argue the case, but neither of the defense lawyers had done any research or made any effort to obtain evidence to support their case for a change of venue, except for a couple of newspaper clippings and a picture of the hanging-tree sign. The prosecution, on the other hand, had gotten approximately fifty affidavits from members of the town claiming that they did not have any biased feelings about the case. As expected, Judge Persin denied the ch ange of venue request, and effectively set the tone for Roger Coleman’s trial. The beginning of every trial begins with opening statements, which provide the jury with a preview of the evidence they will provide and what it will effectively show. A lawyer’s opening statement is probably the most important part of the entire trial, and usually puts the jurors leaning favorably towards the side with the more convincing performance. Like any other criminal case, the burden of proof lies with the prosecution. They are required to prove â€Å"beyond a reasonable doubt† that the defendant committed the crime. Mickey McGlothlin presented an organized and persuasive opening statement that gave the jury the impression that Roger Coleman was guilty based on the significant amount of evidence against him. The defense’s opening statement should have attacked the evidence that the state provided, and also attacked McGlothlin’s credibility. The defense’s  opening statement should have consisted of a description of the friendly relationship that existed between Roger Coleman and the McCoys. It also should have also included Coleman’s alibi–Philip VanDyke–and the fact that VanDyke’s time card reinforces the time that he said he was with Coleman and the time that he clocked into his job. Arey and Jordan also had an opportunity to smear McGlothlin’s credibility by referring to evidence that he failed to mention in his opening argument–the pry mark on the door, the broken fingernails on the victim but no scratches on Coleman, and that the substance found on the victim was soil, not coal dust, which had been on Coleman’s clothes. The defense counsel didn’t refer to any of those facts. No scientific evidence was brought up, and it failed to respond to McGlothin’s statement that there was evidence that Coleman had in fact admitted to committing the crime. The opening statement was a complete disappointment for Coleman. It started to raise questions inside of Coleman of whether his own defense lawyers thought he was guilty and therefore were not putting the time or effort in to prove his innocence. In either case, his defense lawyers had presented a completely inadequate opening statement, and it left the jury with the feeling that Roger Coleman was guilty. In addition to failing to present a solid and influential opening argument, another major problem with the defense counsel was their extreme lack of preparation for the trial (their own witnesses and the state’s witnesses). Before the Coleman case, Terry Jordan â€Å"had never tried a murder case, a rape case, any case involving blood or hair analysis or a criminal case of any kind that lasted more than one day† (112). Being from Grundy, Jordan should have interviewed most if not all of the local witnesses, but that did not happen. He did not interview all of police officers that were investigating the crime nor did he interview Dr. McDonald, who was the first one to examine Wanda McCoy’s body and who estimated her time of death. He did not interview Hezzie McCoy, Dr. Oxley (the doctor who performed the autopsy), or even Elmer Gist, who was the state’s blood and hair expert. In fact, Jordan cross-examination of Elmer Gist was solely based on Gist’s report about hair comparisons and one on blood analysis. He had not read anything about blood or hair analysis, because if he had, he would have been more capable of performing an effective cross-examination of the state’s most crucial  witness. Terry Jordan also failed to carefully examine the physical locations that could have led to Coleman’s innocence and acquittal. He never actually went inside the house where the murder took place, nor did he examine the door to see if there was any evidence of forced entry. He never examined the bathhouse where Coleman said his pants got wet from, and he did not go to the mine where Roger worked. The route that Coleman supposedly took that night was never gone over to see how long it took and to see if there was time for him to commit the crime given the stops that he made prior to the murder. Jordan did not look for other witnesses who the state had not identified, and he did not ever ask for VanDyke’s time card, an essential piece of evidence. No photographs were taken at any point, making everything that was presented in court non-visual. Visuals would have made the defense’s case much stronger. Steve Arey had interviewed most of the same witnesses that Jordan interviewed, along with a couple other defense-alibi witnesses. The state was heavily favored in the case to begin with because of their experience in criminal cases, as opposed to the defense counsel’s lack of experience in such cases. As expected, Judge Persin ruled in favor of the state and Roger Coleman was sentenced to death. Many criminal cases are appealed after their conclusion, and this case was no different. The defense has thirty days to file a Notice of Appeal with the Court. The defense prepared their appeal and mailed it to the Court. However, the attorney general’s office told the defense that they had filed the appeal one day late and that it would not be accepted. This was another huge mistake by the defense. Although a legal technicality should not be the cause for an innocent man’s evidence to be withheld, the law specifically stated that a Notice of Appeal must be filed within thirty days of the Judge signing the order that rejected all of the defense’s arguments. The defense had missed a crucial de adline and Roger Coleman would be punished because of it. The defense would not be able to get the Court to listen to their case again and this would eventually lead to Coleman’s death. The fact remains that neither Terry Jordan nor Steve Arey conducted a thorough enough investigation to really present a strong case to oppose the prosecution. Roger Coleman was never really given a fair trial, and it ultimately led to his conviction and death. His lawyers failed to use the evidence that was available to get their client acquitted. Their inexperience and lack of motivation resulted in an innocent man’s death. There were many opportunities for the defense counsel to question witnesses, to seek experts’ opinions on the forensic evidence, and to insert new evidence to support Roger Coleman’s case, but they did not do so. Jordan and Arey should have never been appointed as Coleman’s counsel, and that alone made Coleman’s chances of acquittal slim to none. Roger Coleman was never given a fair chance, even later on in the process before he was executed, however, his defense lawyers performed well below the standards that a man on trial for his life deserves. Their terrible mistakes and decisions led to the death of an innocent man.

The terms color blind and diversity

The terms color blind and diversity are widely used in affirmative action but they are not synonymous. Applied properly, color blind should be taken to mean without distinction to color. This means that the policies such as affirmative action should neither advance nor protect the interests of any race. As compared to diversity, this is understood to provide the necessary preferential treatment in order to advance the interests of all races, being color blind is not related to racial relations but instead advocates the lack of any racial undertones.To arrive at a better understanding of how these terms work it is important to briefly discuss affirmative action. Affirmative action has been praised and pilloried as the answer to racial inequality. First introduced by President Kennedy in 1961, â€Å"Affirmative action† was designed as a method of reducing the discrimination that had remained despite the civil rights laws and constitutional guarantees.It was a method that was put in place as a â€Å"Temporary Measure to Level the Playing Field† through the offering of the same opportunities to all Americans. As the video shows, the struggle for racial equality has taken different paths in American history. For some, it has mean equal opportunity and righting of a wrong long since committed, for others it remains a constant struggle not only for survival but for recognition.There have been several violations that have disenfranchised many but this clear violation of the Constitution prompted many to create a landmark law that will turn the tide once and for all. It was â€Å"Affirmative Action† that was supposed to save America from the evils of racism and discrimination but this directive failed and in fact it even backfired and instead of helping the oppressed it made them look less worthy of respect as ever before.As such, it is clear that being color blind, while different from encouraging diversity, is oftentimes interchanged and can have disastrous results. These concepts, however, are not mutually exclusive and may co-exist under the proper circumstances. It must be remembered that in order for Civil Rights plans such as Affirmative Action to work there must be a fine balance to encourage racial diversity but at the same time not lead to discrimination of other races.

Fair Trade Essays

Fair Trade Essays Fair Trade Essay Fair Trade Essay Fair Trade: Consumerism for Global Justice Introduction The Fair Trade movement is rapidly becoming an emerging and dynamic strength to respond to the negative influence of globalization, or rather, to the contemporary international trade injustice. While on the other hand, there is criticism on fair trade, claiming that fair trade is not fair and it goes against free market theory. This term paper aims at introducing the development of fair trade, justifying its economical and ethical significance on the international trade and production chain, and also reflecting on its limitations from different respective. The term paper is structured starting from conceptual framework, which focuses on defining the term of â€Å"fair trade†, introducing the related international organizations, and a brief overview of its current development. And then, the paper takes a close look at how fair trade functions under its own standards and price system. Furthermore, both the benefits and criticism of fair trade on producers, consumers and the intermediary are discussed, finally the conclusion is defined that fair trade is an effective marketing exercise but is not the mainstream market model. Conceptual framework Fair trade Although there is no universally accepted definition of fair trade, Fair trade Labelling Organisations International (FLO) most commonly refer to a definition developed by FINE, an informal association of four international fair trade networks (Fair trade Labelling Organizations International, World Fair Trade Organization formerly International Fair Trade Association, Network of European Worldshops and European Fair Trade Association): fair trade is a trading partnership, based on dialogue, transparency and respect, that seeks greater equity in international trade. It contributes to ustainable development by offering better trading conditions to, and securing the rights of, marginalized producers and workers – especially in the South. Fair trade organizations, backed by consumers, are engaged actively in supporting producers, awareness raising and in campaigning for changes in the rules and practice of conventional international trade (FINE, 2001). Sushil Mohan (2010) also d efines Fair Trade as â€Å"an organized social movement which promotes environmental and labor standards and social policy objectives in areas related to the production and trading of Fair Trade labeled and unlabelled goods†. : By comparing the two definitions, it should be noted that the former one explicitly mentions political and ethical objectives. Besides, it’s crucial to know that the fair trade movement is not involved directly in commodity production or trade, but rather it provides producers and workers with particular forms of market structure and contractual terms that bring benefits to them. And also, it focuses in particular on exports from developing countries to developed countries. During the past 50 years, the mainstreaming of fair trade product catalog goes beyond traditional products such as coffee, cocoa, tea, handicrafts, honey, etc. Fair trade is making inroads into other commodities as well. These new products include minor food items (quinoa), perishable fruits and vegetables (bananas, fruits, vegetables, nuts and seeds and horticultural produce), processed products (juices, wine, beer, chocolate, rice and sugar) and non-food products (Sushil Mohan, 2010, p. 23). In 2009, fair trade certified sales amounted to approximately 73. billion (about ? 2. 8 billion) worldwide, produced by over 1. 2 million producers and workers; producers also benefited from pre-financing of around 7100 million (? 83 million) (FLO, 2009). The table below (FLO, 2009) shows the level and growth in the sales of a sample of main fair trade products from 2004 to the end of 2009. Table 1 Growth in sales of some fair trade products, 2004–09 |2004 |2005 |2006 |2007 |2008 |2009 | |Coffee sales in metric tonnes |24. 22 |33. 99 |52. 06 |62. 21 |65. 81 |73. 78 | |% growth | |40. 0 |53. 16 |19. 49 |5. 79 |12. 82 | |Tea sales in metric tonnes |1. 97 |1. 70 |3. 88 |5. 42 |11. 47 |11. 52 | |% growth | |33. 00 |127. 88 |39. 61 |111. 53 |0. 50 | |Rice sales in metric tonnes |1. 38 |1. 70 |2. 99 |4. 21 |4. 69 |6. 05 | |% growth | |23. 00 |75. 18 |40. 97 |11. 34 |29. 18 | |Fruit juice sales in metric tonnes |4. 54 |4. 86 |6. 31 |24. 92 |28. 22 |45. 58 | |% growth | |7. 00 |23. 01 |294. 98 |13. 24 |61. 53 | |Banana sales in metric tonnes |80. 64 |103. 88 |135. 76 |233. 79 |299. 21 |311. 47 | |% growth | |29. 0 |30. 70 |72. 21 |27. 98 |4. 10 | | Source: FLO (2009) Fair trade consumerism In academic research, the word â€Å"Consumerism† has different meanings in different contexts. When associated with fair trade, consumerism can be defined as a moral doctrine in developed countries. According to this view, consumerism is the vehicle for freedom, power and happine ss. All of these things lie in the consumer’s ability to choose, acquire, use and enjoy material objects and experiences (Gabriel Y and Lang T, 2002, p. 8). Since long, consumption has been defied as â€Å"a private matter, indirectly, but firmly, linked to virtuous mechanisms in the public sphere† (Roberta Sassatelli 2006). And recent research shows that the importance of the self-identity as a determining factor in ethical consumption has been identified before (Shaw D Shiu E, 2002), those findings indicate that practices on fair trade consumerism must themselves be seen as functional in the construction and expression of a self-identity which always has a moral dimension (Varul MZ and Wilson-Kovacs D, 2008, p. 2). How fair trade works Fair trade standards FLO (2006) formulated two distinct sets of fair trade standards, which acknowledge different types of disadvantaged producers. One set of standards applies to small-scale producers, who don’t depend on hired workers all the time, but run their farm mainly on their own and their family’s labour. The other set applies to hired labors, whose employers pay decent wages, guarantee the right to join trade unions, ensure health and safety standards and provide adequate housing where relevant. The Standards Unit (SU) within FLO is responsible for developing and revising fair trade standards. Fair trade standards refer to: (a) generic standards, (b) product standards, (c) fair trade minimum prices (FTMP) and fair trade premiums (FTP). Producers and traders must meet applicable standards for their products to be certified as fair trade. Fair trade prices According to fair trade standards, most products have a fair trade price, which is the minimum that should be paid to the producers for their goods. This fair trade minimum price (FTMP) is intended to cover the average producers’ costs of sustainable production (COSP) per product. If global or regional minimum prices are determined, otherwise national prices are set. Producers or workers (in the case of hired labour situations) of fair trade products also receive a fair trade premiums(FTP) in addition to the minimum price. The determination of a minimum price may involve the determination of the related premium (Andreas Kratz, 2010). Impact of fair trade Benefits to producers Stable income and long-term trading partnerships For most products, fair trade standards determine the price paid to producers. The fair trade price  acts as a safety net for farmers at times when world markets fall below a sustainable level. The fair trade standards also require that producers can obtain partial pre-payment of the contract, which ensures the small-scale farmers have sufficient cash flow. This allows them to plan ahead and invest in new technology or planting that should ultimately increase their income and help them to develop their businesses (Nicholls A and Opal C, 2005, p. 7). Table 2 Arabica Coffee Market 1989-2010: Comparison of Fairtrade and New York Prices [pic] NB Fairtrade price = Fairtrade minimum price* of 125 cents/lb + 10 cents/lb Fairtrade premium** When the New York price is 125 cents or above, the Fairtrade price = New York price + 10 cents *Minimum price was increased from 121 cents/lb on 1 June 2008 **Premium was increased from 5 cents/lb on 1 June 2007 The NY price is the daily closing price of the second position Coffee C futures contract at ICE Futures US (Source: FLO, 2010) Social premiums and ethical outcomes According to FLO, fair trade helps farmers and workers to tackle poverty, improve the quality of their lives and invest in their futures. Throughout the unique trading chain, producers are empowered to participate in the decisions that affect themselves. Fair Trade Federation (FTF) also points out that, members seek to eliminate discrimination based on race, caste, national origin, religion, disability, gender, sexual orientation, union membership, political affiliation, age, marital, or health status. Members support workplaces free from physical, sexual, psychological, or verbal harassment or abuse. For instance, in 2006, the Kuapa Kokoo Cooperative in Ghana received a premium of US$150 per tonne of cocoa which is invested back into the communities. This has helped to fund the drilling of about 300 boreholes, and the establishment of seven schools as well as funding links with the medical school in Ghana (International Development Committee, 2007, p. 21). Sustainable production According to Fair Trade Federation (FTF), fair trade seeks to offer current generations the ability to meet their needs without compromising the benefits of next generations. Members actively consider the implications of their decisions on the surroundings and promote sustainable production. They reduce, reuse, reclaim, and recycle materials wherever possible. For instance, all farms and co-operatives must have resource management plans in place. Certain pesticides are prohibited on all farms. Many farms use fair trade premia to invest in organic certification, which demands a higher fair trade floor price (Nicholls A and Opal C, 2005, p. 7). Impact on consumers The Department for International Development of UK (DFID) points out that fair trade has made an important contribution to raising awareness among consumers about development and ethical trade issues. Moreover, this awareness can create pressure for changes in favor of poor countries. For instance, Starbucks has made an excellent example in this respective. Starbucks began purchasing Fair Trade Certifiedâ„ ¢ coffee in 2000, helping grow the market for Fair Trade Certifiedâ„ ¢ coffee in the U. S. And in 2009, it increased the purchases to 40 million pounds – making it the largest purchaser of Fair Trade Certifiedâ„ ¢ coffee in the world. While increased awareness of ethical issues does not definitely turn into consumption actions, there has been a steady conscious increase in fair trade sales. According to the Fair Trade Foundation, price is not the only concern on people’s minds when they go to the supermarket. Mike Barry of Marks Spencer in UK commented that the FAIRTRADE mark gave customers certainty about the origins of the product in the context of many different brands. He considered that there was a high level of trust in the FAIRTRADE brand (International Development Committee, 2007, p. 24). Impact on intermediary According to International Development Committee of UK, fair trade and the success of fair trade labeling, has led companies to think about the supply hain of the wider range of products they sell. Although the amount of fair trade products is still limited among the total sales, the concept of fair trade has begun to enter the mainstream in the supply chain and what’s more, the economic framework has been set up. Thus an important impact of fair trade may ultimately steam up other traders to perform their responsibilities. In response to t he new trends of the coffee industry, the German Coffee Association took the initiative to create a Common Code for the Coffee Community. Nestle, Sara Lee, Kraft and Tchibo, representing 40% of the world coffee-roasting market, have all signed the Common Code which seeks to improve working and environmental conditions on coffee farms. The Code requires producers to pay minimum wages to workers, not to use child labor, to allow union membership, and to protect the environment (International Development Committee, 2007, p. 9). Criticism on fair trade Perspective of intermediary Fair trade affirms non-economic values of cooperation and solidarity which challenge the capitalist imperatives of competition, accumulation, and profit-maximization. (Gavin Fridell, 2007) In the market, every part wants to make their profit maximization. Nowadays, in the competition between the producers and intermediary, the intermediary is much stronger, so they use this power to minimize the price of the producer, and sell the products with a much higher price to the consumer market, to get most of the profit. In the fair trade system, Fair trade removes the unfair dealing away with the person doing most of the hard work. The intermediary must give the producer a fair price for them doing the sustainable production. Normally this â€Å"fair† price means a higher price than what the producer got before. For this, the cost for the intermediary increases, if the consumer market price stays the same, intermediary’s profit decreases. But as every intermediary wants to keep their usual profit, then the decreasing profit became a problem. In order to solve this problem, the intermediaries either increase the price on the consumer market, or buy less fair trade products. The Adam Smith Institute claimed in 2008 that Fair trade has had little effect on the decreasing percentage of final sale value ending up with the producers as only a fraction of fair trade premiums reach producers. This claim is based on a calculation that only 10% of the fair trade premium for a cup of coffee at a popular London chain goes to purchase fair trade coffee beans instead of standard beans (Marc Sidwell, 2008). This situation has led Tom Clougherty of the Adam Smith Institute, to describe fair trade as little more than a marketing ploy. Perspective of consumers â€Å"Fair trade reveals the social and environmental conditions under which goods are produced and brings producers and consumers together through ‘ethical consumerism,’ which challenges the commodification of goods into items with an independent life of their own. (Gavin Fridell, 2007). Basing on how the fair trade works, if the intermediary wants to keep the usual profit, one of the solutions is to increase the consumer market price, which is the reason why most of the fair trade goods are priced higher than the normal market price. When consumers are making their purchasing decision, the key factors are not the product attributes anymore in favor of the alternative character- Fair Trade, to make the global commodification more justice. Even at the very beginning of Fair Trade Movement (back to 1960s), the slogan of it was â€Å"Trade not Aid†. But when we take a closer look at fair trade, something can be found: This purchasing model is in conflict with the economic theory (under the certain budget line, consumers desire to buy as much products as possible, which means the consumers would like to buy the more cost-effective products). So this fair trade purchasing behavior does not benefit the consumers themselves that much, the main reason for the consumer to do it is the â€Å"ethical† reason. Therefore, the decommodification is through â€Å"ethical consumerism†. Given the fact that ethical consumerism does not appeal directly to self-interested motivation, some people claim that the future growth of ethical markets is very limited. Perspective of producers The Adam Smith Institute sees fair trade as a type of subsidy that impedes growth. The price on fair trade market is not decided by the market, but the FLO or other fair trade organization with the lowest protection price. Furthermore, fair trade can resolve some poverty issues in some extend, but can not solve it fundamentally. Perspective of production chain [pic] From this chart, we can learn that: firstly, compared to the normal trade market, if the intermediary can keep their usual profit, there is not much difference between fair and unfair trade. So fair trade is just an alternative option for them to the different segment market. And the reality is that most fair trade farmer groups are currently only able to sell a fraction of their production on Fair Trade terms; they must sell the rest to conventional buyers and local traders at lower prices. Secondly, the consumer is playing one more role in this Fair Trade business circle: monitoring whether the trade is fair, whether the producers get a fair price. Now the consumer outgoing is â€Å"Money† + †Monitor†, and the incoming is â€Å"Product† + †Ethic†, compared with the normal trade (outgoing: Money; incoming: Product). If we make a function about these, those would be: Fair trade market: U(Price-Fairtrade)+U(Monitor)=U(Pro)+U(Eth) Normal market: U(Price-Normal)=U(Pro) So U(Eth)=U(Monitor)+U(Pice-Fairtrade)-U(Price-Normal)= U(Monitor)+U(Price Difference) This means buying the fair trade products, the ethic gain that consumers get should be equal to the price difference plus the additional monitoring responsibility that the consumers should take. If this function cannot be equal in a long term, the consumers would feel loss, then this business model cannot last for too long, or at least cannot be promoted widely in the whole world market. Conclusion It can be concluded that fair trade reflects a brand-new approach to producer-consumer transaction, which aims at maintaining the Fairtrade mark’s predominance in an increasingly competitive market for ethically-branded products. On one hand, the movement is essential, since there is every reason for smart consumers to make other choices and the producers suffer from the decreasing market price. On the other hand, fair trade is working â€Å"in and against† the market, because it is involved what it needs to play to ethical assumptions that are implied by market practices. So fair trade is an alternate, branch trade model in the market compared to the mainstream model. Reference List Andreas Kratz (2010): SOP development of Fairtrade minimum price and premium, Fairtrade Labelling Organizations International, Internet: airtrade. net/fileadmin/user_upload/content/310510_SOP_Development_of_Fairtrade_Prices_and_Premiums. pdf Bacon, C. (2005): Confronting the coffee crisis: can Fair Trade, organic and speciality coffee reduce small-scale farmer vulnerability in northern Nicaragua? , World Development, 33(3): 497–511. Gabriel Y and Lang T (2002): The unmanageable consumer, p. 8, SAGE Publications, Lo ndon. Gavin Fridell (2007): Fair trade coffee and commodity fetishism: The limits of market-driven social justice, Trent University, Canada. International Development Committee (2007): Fair trade and development, Seventh Report of Session 2006–07, Volume 1, Great Britain. Koppel H. and Schulze G. (2008): Inefficient but effective? A field experiment on the effectiveness of direct and indirect transfer mechanisms, University of Freiburg, Germany. Marc Sidwell (2008): Unfair trade, Adam Smith Institute, London, p. 28. Nicholls A. and Opal C. (2005): Fair trade: market-driven ethical consumption, p. 7, SAGE Publications, London. Roberta Sassatelli (2006): Representing consumers: contesting claims and agendas, Palgrave, London. Shaw D. and Shiu E. (2002): Ethics in consumer choice: a multivariate modelling approach, European Journal of Marketing, 37(10), 1485 – 1498. Sushil Mohan (2010): Fair trade without the froth, The Institute of Economic Affairs, Great Britain. Varul MZ. and Wilson-Kovacs D. (2008): Fair trade consumerism as an everyday ethical practice – A comparative perspective, University of Exeter, Great Britain, Internet: http://people. exeter. ac. uk/mzv201/FT%20Results. pdf Product Product Consumer Ethic Intermediary Money Producer Money Monitor

How to Read and Write Byte Streams in Java

How to Read and Write Byte Streams in Java Reading and writing binary streams is one of the most common I/O tasks a Java application can perform. It can be performed by looking at each individual byte in a stream or by using a more structured buffered approach. Note: This article looks at reading binary data from a example.jpg file. If you try this code then simply replace the name of the example.jpg with the path and name of a jpeg file on your computer. Byte by Byte The java.ioclass was the first Java api to provide Input/Output functionality. It has two methods that can be used to input and output byte streams (blocks of 8 bits) from and to a file. These classes are the FileInputStream and FileOutputStream. These methods provide a basic method of I/O by allowing a file to be input or output one byte at a time.  In practice its better to use a buffered method for binary streams but its good to look at the most basic building block of the Java I/O functionality. Notice how we place the I/O handling inside a try, catch, finallyblock- this is to make sure we handle IO exceptions and to properly close the streams. The catch block will show any I/O exceptions that occur and print a message for the user. In the finally block its important to close the streams explicitly by calling the close method otherwise they will remain open and a waste of resources. There is a check to see if the FileInputStreamand FileOutputStreamare null before attempting to close. This is because an I/O error could occur before the streams are initialized. For example, if the file name is incorrect the stream will not be opened properly.In the tryblock we can add code to read in the bytes:The readmethod reads in one byte from the FileInputStreamand the write method writes one byte to the FileOutputStream. When the end of the file is reached and there are no more bytes to input the value of -1 is returned. Now that Java 7 has been released you can see the benefit of one of its new features- the try with resources block. This means that if we identify the streams to the try block at the beginning it will handle closing the stream for us. This eliminates the need for the finally block in the previous example: The full Java code listings for the two versions of the byte reading program can be found in Binary Stream Example Code.

Leadership in Global Health Care Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Leadership in Global Health Care - Essay Example ctiveness, and agility whereas her negative attributes include being judgmental, occasional lack of understanding, and too much kindness, so I would like her to change her negative attributes while strengthening the positive ones. As a nurse, my mother has to deal with patients on daily basis. Patients come from different backgrounds, have different cultures and ethnicities. Some speak English well while others do not. Some act restless because of the pain of their injury, illness, or disease, while others are frustrated by the environment of the hospital. It is not uncommon for a patient to lose his temper for no good reason. In such times, my mother remains patient and maintains her cool. She immediately attends them, and tries to address their concern. Likewise, my mother is often suddenly called on duty which is not scheduled. She might have to serve in place of a nurse on-leave. She tends to understand it and does not mind. â€Å"Good leaders are patient† (Adventure Scouts USA, 2007). My mother is quite pro-active in her approach. She remains completely aware of the present circumstances, and tends to forecast the future depending upon them. For example, she always maintains two sets of documents, one in hard copy and one in soft copy to make sure she has another version available if one is somehow lost. Before going on duty, she has the list of tasks to do ready with her so that nothing is delayed or missed out. My mother is very active. She follows a weight-loss as well as energy-boosting plan. She takes several short meals in a day that help her maintain a high metabolism. Most of these meals are based on fresh fruits and vegetables. In addition, she jogs for at least 20 minutes in the morning. She is not weight-conscious as she is already very smart. She does all this to maintain a high energy level. She says that controlling diet and doing exercise helps her remain active throughout the day both physically and mentally. At times, my mother gets a

A merge and acquisition study and report Term Paper

A merge and acquisition study and report - Term Paper Example Retrieved from http://transition.fcc.gov/omd/history/radio/power.html. 24 Appendix A 26 Appendix B 27 Abstract This paper is going to look at a possible merger between T-Mobile and Sprint. It will provide an overview of the industry, history of companies, how the companies will integrate after the merger, historical financials as well as projected financials. This paper will also look at the industry competitors, past successful mergers and failed mergers. It will cover the benefits if the merger takes place and the associated risks with the merger. T-mobile and Sprint’s Merger and Acquisition Report Introduction T-Mobile US, Inc. is a mobile system running company with headquarters in Washington. The company caters to millions and is almost the fourth largest mobile company in U.S. Sprint mobile is another telecommunication company in U.S.; its headquarters is in Kansas (Antaki, Borst, Brzeski, & Sze, 2004). The company is a giant internet service provider, but in 2013, a Jap anese telecommunication company named Softbank Corporations had purchased the majority of its shares (Theodore, Rappaport, Annamalai, Buehrer, & William, 2002). This report concentrates on the details of the merger between T-Mobile and Sprint. It is believed that the Japanese company Soft Bank is trying to enter the U.S. market. Industry Nokia Telsa and Radio communications led to the development of the telecom industry from 1900 onwards. Telecommunication is a growing industry and uses high technology in its operations. United States (U.S.) being the world’s most technologically efficient nation has a well established telecom industry (FCC, 2005). â€Å"Companies in this industry provide wireless and wire line telephone and data services; cable and satellite television distribution services; and Internet access. Major companies include the US-based AT&T, Verizon Communications, and Comcast, as well as Japan's Nippon Telegraph and Telephone Corporation, Spanish firm Telefoni ca, and China Mobile. Demand is driven by technological innovation and by growth in business activity and consumer spending. The profitability of individual companies depends on efficient operations and good marketing. Large companies have big economies of scale in providing a highly automated service to large numbers of customers, and have the financial resources required to build and maintain large networks. Smaller companies can compete effectively in small markets or by providing specialty services. The industry is highly concentrated: the 50 largest companies generate about 90 percent of revenue. Major source of revenue are wireless services (39 percent of industry revenue); wire line services (33 percent of industry revenue); and cable distribution (24 percent). Other services include satellite telecommunications (Hoovers, a D&B Company).† More than 3.8 million Americans are employed in the wireless industry either directly or indirectly. The strength comprises of almost 2.6% of the total employments in U.S. The salary for the workers in the wireless i